Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zokugqiba izihlangu zesikhumba ngokubanzi ziwela kwiindidi ezilandelayo.
1. Ingxaki yokunyibilikisa
Kwimveliso yezihlangu, i-solvents esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-toluene kunye ne-acetone. Xa umaleko wokugquma udibana ne-solvent, iyadumba ngokuyinxenye kwaye ithambe, ize inyibilike kwaye iwe. Oku kudla ngokwenzeka kwiindawo ezingaphambili nangasemva. Isisombululo:
(1) Khetha i-cross-linked okanye i-epoxy resin-modified polyurethane okanye i-acrylic resin njenge-agent-forming agent. Olu hlobo lwe-resin lunokuxhathisa okulungileyo kwe-solvent.
(2) Ukuphumeza unyango lokuzalisa okomileyo ukunyusa ukuchasana kwe-solvent ye-coating layer.
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(4) Tshiza i-agent edibanisa i-cross-link yokunyanga kunye nokudibanisa.
2. Ukungqubuzana okumanzi kunye nokumelana namanzi
Ukukhuhlana okumanzi kunye nokumelana namanzi zizibonakaliso ezibaluleke kakhulu zesikhumba esiphezulu. Xa unxibe izihlangu zesikhumba, uhlala udibana neendawo zamanzi, ngoko uhlala udibana nokungqubuzana okumanzi kunye neengxaki zokumelana namanzi. Ezona zizathu zokunqongophala kokukhuhlana okumanzi kunye nokumelana namanzi zezi:
(1) Umaleko ongaphezulu wokugquma uyachukumiseka emanzini. Isisombululo kukuphumeza i-coating ephezulu okanye ukutshiza i-lightproof waterproof. Xa usebenzisa isambatho esiphezulu, ukuba i-casein isetyenzisiwe, i-formaldehyde ingasetyenziselwa ukuyilungisa; Ukongeza inani elincinci leekhompawundi eziqulathe isilicon kulwelo lokugquma phezulu kunokonyusa ukuxhathisa kwayo kwamanzi.
(2) Izinto ezigqithisekileyo zamanzi, ezifana ne-surfactants kunye ne-resins ezinokumelana nokungabi namanzi, zisetyenziselwa ulwelo lokugquma. Isisombululo kukuphepha ukusebenzisa ii-surfactants ezigqithisileyo kwaye ukhethe i-resin ezinokumelana okungcono kwamanzi.
(3) Ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo lwepleyiti yokucofa ziphezulu kakhulu, kwaye i-agent ephakathi yokwambathisa ayiqhotyoshelwanga ngokupheleleyo. Isisombululo kukuphepha ukusebenzisa ii-agent ze-wax ezigqithisileyo kunye ne-silicon-containing compounds ngexesha lokutya okuphakathi kunye nokunciphisa ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo lwe-press plate.
(4) Kusetyenziswa i-organism pigments nedayi. Ii-pigments ezikhethiweyo kufuneka zibe nokungena kakuhle; kwifomula yokwambathisa ephezulu, gwema ukusebenzisa idayi egqithisileyo.
3. Iingxaki nge-friction eyomileyo kunye ne-abrasion
Xa uhlambulula ubuso besikhumba ngendwangu eyomileyo, umbala wesikhumba uya kucinywa, obonisa ukuba ukuchasana okumileyo kwesi sikhumba akulungile. Xa uhamba, iibhulukhwe zihlala zixubha kwizithende zezicathulo, ezibangela ukuba ifilimu yokugqoka phezu kwezicathulo zicinywe, kwaye imibala yangaphambili nangemuva ayihambelani. Kukho izizathu ezininzi zale nto:
(1) Umaleko wokugquma uthambile kakhulu. Isisombululo kukusebenzisa i-agent enzima kwaye ilukhuni xa ugubungela ukusuka kuluhlu olusezantsi ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu.
(2) I-pigment ayinyathelwanga ngokupheleleyo okanye i-adhesion ihlupheke kakhulu, kuba i-pigment ye-pigment kwi-coating inkulu kakhulu. Isisombululo kukunyusa umlinganiselo we-resin kwaye usebenzise i-penetrant.
(3) Iipore kumphezulu wesikhumba zivuleke kakhulu kwaye azikwazi ukumelana nokunxiba. Isisombululo kukuphumeza unyango lokuzalisa okomileyo ukunyusa ukunyanzeliswa kwesikhumba kunye nokuqinisa ukulungiswa kwe-coating liquid.
4. Ingxaki yokuqhekeka kwesikhumba
Kwiindawo ezinemozulu eyomileyo nebandayo, ukuqhekeka kwesikhumba kudla ngokudibana. Inokuphuculwa kakhulu ngokumanzisa itekhnoloji kwakhona (ukuthambisa ulusu phambi kokuba wolule okokugqibela). Ngoku kukho izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokuthambisa kwakhona.
Ezona zizathu zokuqhekeka kwesikhumba zezi:
1 Isizathu sokungathathi hlangothi okungafanelekanga, okukhokelela ekungeneni okungalinganiyo kwe-ejenti yokubuyisela kunye nokudibanisa ngokugqithiseleyo komgangatho wengqolowa. Isisombululo kukuyila kwakhona ifomula yendawo yamanzi.
(2) Ufele olungaphezulu lukhululekile kwaye lukumgangatho ophantsi. Isisombululo kukomisa ukugcwalisa isikhumba esikhululekile kwaye ungeze ioli kwi-resin yokuzalisa ukwenzela ukuba isikhumba esigcweleyo singabi nzima kakhulu ukukhusela phezulu ekuqhekekeni ngexesha lokugqoka. Isikhumba esizaliswe kakhulu akufanele sishiywe ixesha elide kwaye akufanele sibe nesanti.
(3) Isiseko sokugquma sinzima kakhulu. I-resin yokugqoka isiseko ayikhethwanga ngokufanelekileyo okanye isixa asanelanga. Isisombululo kukunyusa umlinganiselo we-resin ethambileyo kwifomula yokwambathisa isiseko.
5. Ingxaki yokuqhekeka
Xa ulusu lugobile okanye loluliwe nzima, umbala ngamanye amaxesha uba khaphukhaphu, nto leyo edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-astigmatism. Kwiimeko ezinzima, umaleko wokugquma unokuqhekeka, odla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-crack. Le yingxaki eqhelekileyo.
Ezona zizathu ziphambili zezi:
(1) I-elasticity yesikhumba inkulu kakhulu (i-elongation ye-leather engaphezulu ayinakuba ngaphezu kwe-30%), ngelixa u-elongation ye-coating incinci kakhulu. Isisombululo kukulungelelanisa ifomyula ukwenzela ukuba ukunyusa kwengubo kusondele kwisikhumba.
(2) Isiseko sesiseko sinzima kakhulu kwaye isambatho esiphezulu sinzima kakhulu. Isisombululo kukwandisa inani le-resin ethambileyo, ukwandisa inani le-agent-forming agent, kunye nokunciphisa inani le-resin enzima kunye ne-pigment paste.
3 Ukuze ucombulule ingxaki yokuchasana nokukhuhla okumanzi kwengubo, ezinye iifektri zitshiza ivanishi enamafutha amaninzi. Emva kokusombulula ingxaki yokuchasana nokukhuhla okumanzi, ingxaki yokuqhawula ibangelwa. Ngoko ke, kufuneka kuhlawulwe ingqalelo kwi-balance balance.
6. Ingxaki yokuchithwa kodaka
Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwesikhumba esingaphezulu kwesihlangu, kufuneka sitshintshe kakhulu kwimo engqongileyo. Ukuba i-coating ayinyathelwanga ngokuqinileyo, ukugquma kuya kuhlala kugutyungelwa ludaka. Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-delamination iya kwenzeka, ekufuneka inikwe ingqwalasela ephezulu. Ezona zizathu ziphambili zezi:
(1) Kwi-coating ephantsi, i-resin ekhethiweyo ine-adhesion ebuthakathaka. Isisombululo kukunyusa umlinganiselo we-resin enamathelayo kwifomula yokugqoka ephantsi. Ukunamathela kwe-resin kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zayo zeekhemikhali kunye nobukhulu beengqungquthela ezihlakaziweyo ze-emulsion. Xa ukwakhiwa kwemichiza ye-resin kunqunywe, ukunamathela kunamandla xa iinqununu ze-emulsion zilungile.
(2) Isixa esinganelanga sokugquma. Ngethuba lokusebenza kokumbathisa, ukuba isixa sokugubungela asanelanga, i-resin ayikwazi ukungena kwindawo yesikhumba ngexesha elifutshane kwaye ayikwazi ukudibanisa ngokupheleleyo nesikhumba, ukukhawuleza kwengubo kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, umsebenzi kufuneka ulungelelaniswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa isixa esaneleyo sokugquma. Ukusebenzisa ibrashi yokugquma endaweni yokutshiza kunokonyusa ixesha lokungena kweresin kunye nendawo yokuncamathela yearhente yokugquma kwesikhumba.
(3) Impembelelo yemeko yesikhumba engenanto kwi-adhesion fastness yokwambathisa. Xa ukuxutywa kwamanzi kwesikhumba esingenanto kuhlupheke kakhulu okanye kukho ioli kunye nothuli kwindawo yesikhumba, i-resin ayikwazi ukungena kwindawo yesikhumba njengoko kuyimfuneko, ngoko ukunamathela akwanelanga. Ngeli xesha, umgangatho wesikhumba kufuneka uphathwe ngokufanelekileyo ukwandisa ukunyuswa kwamanzi, njengokwenza umsebenzi wokucoca umphezulu, okanye ukongeza i-agent yokulinganisa okanye i-penetrant kwifomula.
(4) Kwifomula yokugqoka, umlinganiselo we-resin, i-additives kunye ne-pigments ayifanelekanga. Isisombululo kukulungelelanisa uhlobo kunye nenani le-resin kunye nezongezo kunye nokunciphisa inani le-wax kunye ne-filler.
7. Imiba yokumelana nobushushu kunye noxinzelelo
Isikhumba esiphezulu esisetyenziswe kwimveliso yezihlangu ezibunjiweyo kunye nesitofu kufuneka sibe nobushushu kunye noxinzelelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iifektri zezihlangu zihlala zisebenzisa i-ayina yobushushu obuphezulu uku-ayina imibimbi kumphezulu wesikhumba, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ezinye iidayi okanye ii-organic coatings kwi-coating zijike zibe mnyama okanye zincangathi kwaye ziwe.
Ezona zizathu ziphambili zezi:
(1) I-thermoplasticity yolwelo lokugqiba iphezulu kakhulu. Isisombululo kukulungelelanisa ifomula kunye nokwandisa inani le-casein.
(2) Ukunqongophala kwezinto zokuthambisa. Isisombululo kukongeza i-wax eqinile kancinci kunye ne-arhente yokuziva egudileyo ukunceda ukuphucula ukuthambisa kwesikhumba.
(3) Idayi kunye neengubo zendalo zinovelwano kubushushu. Isisombululo kukukhetha izinto ezingaphantsi kobushushu kwaye azipheli.
8. Ingxaki yokumelana nokukhanya
Emva kokuvezwa ixesha elithile, ubuso besikhumba buba mnyama kwaye buphuzi, bube bungenakusebenziseka. Izizathu zezi:
(1) Ukuguquka kwebala lomzimba wesikhumba kubangelwa ukuguquguquka kweoli, i-tannins yezityalo okanye i-tannins yokwenziwa. Ukumelana nokukhanya kwesikhumba esikhanyayo kuyisalathisi esibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye ioli kunye ne-tannins ezinokumelana nokukhanya okulungileyo kufuneka zikhethwe.
(2) Ukugquma kombala. Isisombululo kukuba kwiimfele eziphezulu ezineemfuno zokumelana nokukhanya okuphezulu, musa ukusebenzisa i-butadiene resin, i-polyurethane resin enevumba elimnandi kunye ne-nitrocellulose ivanishi, kodwa sebenzisa i-resins, i-pigments, i-dayi yamanzi kunye ne-varnish enokumelana nokukhanya okungcono.
9. Ukumelana nokubanda (ukumelana nemozulu) ingxaki
Ukuchasana nokubanda okungalunganga kubonakaliswa ikakhulu ngokuqhekeka kwengubo xa isikhumba sidibana nobushushu obuphantsi. Ezona zizathu ziphambili zezi:
(1) Kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi, into yokwaleka ayithamba. Iirensi ezinokumelana nokubanda okungcono njenge-polyurethane kunye ne-butadiene kufuneka zisetyenziswe, kwaye ubuninzi bezinto zokwenza ifilimu ezinokumelana okubandayo okubandayo njenge-acrylic resin kunye ne-casein kufuneka kuncitshiswe.
(2) Umlinganiselo we-resin kwifomula yokwambathisa uphantsi kakhulu. Isisombululo kukwandisa inani le-resin.
(3) Ukumelana nokubanda kwevanishi ephezulu kubi. I-varnish ekhethekileyo okanye i-,-i-varnish ingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukumelana nokubanda kwesikhumba, ngelixa i-nitrocellulose ivanishi inokumelana nokubanda okubi.
Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza izibonakaliso zokusebenza komzimba kwisikhumba esiphezulu, kwaye akukho ngqiqweni ukufuna iifektri zezicathulo ukuba zithenge ngokupheleleyo ngokwezibonakaliso ezibonakalayo kunye neekhemikhali ezenziwe ngurhulumente okanye amashishini. Iifektri zezihlangu ngokubanzi zihlola ufele ngokweendlela ezingekho mgangathweni, ngoko ke ukuveliswa kwesikhumba esingaphezulu akukwazi ukwahlukaniswa. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ube nokuqonda okungcono kwiimfuno ezisisiseko zokwenziwa kwezicathulo kunye nenkqubo yokunxiba ukuze kuqhutywe ulawulo lwezenzululwazi ngexesha lokucubungula.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-11-2024