PU Chikopa
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1.7mm Wokhuthala Wopaka Mtundu Wolimba wa Litchi Texture Faux Chikopa Chophimba Mpando Wapagalimoto Kupanga Sofa
Chikopa cha Microfiber (microfiber PU synthetic leather) chimadziwika ndi kung'ambika kwakukulu ndi kulimba kwamphamvu, kukana bwino kupindika, kukana kuzizira bwino, kukana bwino kwa mildew, zonenepa komanso zonenepa zomalizidwa, zofananira bwino, zotsika za VOC (zosakhazikika organic), komanso zosavuta. kuyeretsa pamwamba. Zogulitsa za Microfiber zitha kugawidwa kukhala veneer microfiber ndi suede microfiber malinga ndi kapangidwe kake. Veneer microfiber amatanthauza chikopa chopangidwa chokhala ndi mapatani monga njere ya litchi pamwamba; suede microfiber imamva ngati chikopa chenicheni, ilibe mawonekedwe pamwamba, ndipo imakhala yofanana ndi suede suede, koma imakhala ndi makina apamwamba kwambiri kuposa nsalu za suede ndi suede, ndipo imakhala ndi maonekedwe abwino komanso kukana kuvala bwino. Vuto laukadaulo ndilovuta kwambiri kuposa malo osalala.
Kukonzekera kwa chikopa cha microfiber kumaphatikizapo kulowetsedwa kwa utomoni wa polyurethane, kuchiritsa, kuchepetsa ndi kutsirizitsa, pakati pa zomwe impregnation ndiyo njira yofunika kwambiri yokonzekera chikopa cha microfiber. Impregnation ndikumwaza molingana ndi polyurethane yopangidwa ndi inpregnation munsalu yoyambira ndikugubuduza njira ya polyurethane kuti imangirire ulusi, kuti nsalu yoyambira ipange mawonekedwe achilengedwe kuchokera kumalingaliro akulu. Malinga ndi zosungunulira zosiyanasiyana za polyurethane zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga impregnation, zitha kugawidwa m'magawo opangira mafuta komanso njira yopangira madzi. Chosungunulira chachikulu cha njira yopangira mafuta ndi dimethylformamide (DMF), yomwe imawononga chilengedwe ndi thupi la munthu; njira yopangira madzi imagwiritsa ntchito sodium hydroxide kapena madzi monga zosungunulira zopangira, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri umuna wa zinthu zovulaza. Pankhani yoyang'anira kwambiri chitetezo cha chilengedwe, njira yopangira madzi ikuyembekezeka kukhala njira yayikulu yaukadaulo. -
Lychee Texture Microfiber Leather Glitter Nsalu Yovala Lychee Grain PU Chikopa
Makhalidwe a Lychee Synthetic Leather
1. Kukongola Kokongola
Microfiber leather lychee ndi chikopa chapadera chokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi khungu la lychee, lomwe limakhala ndi maonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Maonekedwe awa amatha kuwonjezera kukhudza kokongola kwa mipando, mipando yamagalimoto, zikwama zachikopa ndi zinthu zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zowoneka bwino.
2. Kukhazikika kwapamwamba
Microfiber chikopa lychee si wokongola, komanso cholimba kwambiri. Ikhoza kupirira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, kuvala ndi kukhudzidwa popanda kusweka kapena kuzimiririka. Choncho, microfiber leather lychee ndi yabwino kwambiri kupanga mipando yapamwamba, mipando yamagalimoto ndi zinthu zina zogwiritsira ntchito nthawi yaitali.
3. Kusamalira kosavuta ndi chisamaliro
Poyerekeza ndi chikopa chenicheni, microfiber chikopa lychee ndi yosavuta kusamalira ndi kusamalira. Sichifuna kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osamalira khungu nthawi zonse kapena zinthu zina zapadera. Zimangofunika kutsukidwa ndi madzi ofunda ndi sopo, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta komanso zofulumira.
4. Zochitika zingapo zoyenera
Chifukwa microfiber leather lychee ili ndi ubwino wambiri, ndiyoyenera kwambiri mipando, mkati mwa galimoto, masutukesi, nsapato ndi minda ina. Sizingangowonjezera kuwala kwa mankhwalawa, komanso zimatsimikizira kulimba kwake kwapamwamba komanso kukonza kosavuta.
Pomaliza, Microfiber Pebbled ndiwotchuka kwambiri wachikopa wokhala ndi zabwino zambiri. Ngati mukufuna chikopa chokongola, chapamwamba, chosavuta kusunga pamene mukugula zinthu monga mipando kapena mipando ya galimoto, ndiye kuti Microfiber Pebbled mosakayikira ndi yabwino kwambiri. -
Wholesale PU Synthetic Leather Embossed Wrinkle Vintage Faux Chikopa cha UPHOLSTERY Nsapato Matumba Kupanga Sofa
Chikwama cha chikopa cha retro faux chokongoletsedwa ndichothandiza kwambiri. Chikwama chachikopa ichi chimaphatikiza zojambula ndi zokometsera, zomwe sizowoneka zokhazokha, komanso zothandiza kwambiri komanso zolimba. Chojambula chojambulachi chikhoza kuonjezera maonekedwe ndi maonekedwe a chikopa, kupanga thumba lachikopa likuwoneka losanjikiza komanso la retro. Mapangidwe okongoletsedwa amatha kukulitsa malingaliro amitundu itatu komanso kufewa kwa thumba lachikopa, kuti likhale lomasuka kunyamula. Kapangidwe kameneka sikokongola kokha, komanso kamene kamasonyeza kalembedwe ka retro ndi kafashoni, koyenera kwa anthu omwe amakonda kalembedwe kake ndi kutsata payekha.
Posankha thumba lachikopa la retro faux, mutha kuganizira izi kuti muwonetsetse kuti likugwiritsidwa ntchito:
Kusankha kwazinthu: Sankhani chikopa chapamwamba kwambiri kuti mutsimikizire kulimba kwake komanso kufewa kwake kuti muwonjezere moyo wake wautumiki.
Tsatanetsatane wa kapangidwe kake: Samalani ngati zokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsedwa ndi zokongola, komanso ngati zikugwirizana ndi kalembedwe ndi zosowa zanu.
Zochita: Ganizirani momwe chikwamacho chimapangidwira komanso mphamvu zake kuti zitsimikizire kuti zitha kukwaniritsa zosowa za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Mwachidule, thumba lachikopa la retro faux lopangidwa ndi pleated silokongola komanso lapadera, komanso lili ndi zochitika zabwino komanso zolimba, ndipo ndi chisankho choyenera kuganizira. -
Pearl Embossed Quilted Foam Plaid Texture Synthetic PU Chikopa cha Nsapato Kusoka Upholstery
Matumba achikopa opangidwa amakhala olimba. pa
Chikopa chopangidwa ndi anthu, chimakhala ndi zabwino zambiri zomwe zimapanga chisankho choyenera kupanga matumba. Choyamba, mtengo wa chikopa chopangidwa ndi chochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotsika mtengo. Chachiwiri, chikopa chopangidwa sichifuna kusamalidwa nthawi zonse ngati chikopa chenicheni, monga kuyeretsa ndi kuthira mafuta, zomwe zimasunga mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, chikopa chopangidwa chimakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kovala komanso kukana dzimbiri, moyo wautali wautumiki, ndipo sizovuta kusweka, zomwe zimalola matumba achikopa opangidwa kuti aziwoneka bwino komanso magwiridwe antchito pakugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngakhale zikopa zopanga sizingapume komanso hygroscopic ngati zikopa zenizeni, mawonekedwe ake ofananirako komanso mtundu wosasinthasintha zimapangitsa zikwama zachikopa zopanga kukhala zosinthika komanso zosinthika, zoyenera masitayilo amakono komanso osavuta. pa
Pazochitika zinazake zogwiritsiridwa ntchito, kulimba kwa matumba achikopa opangidwa kwatsimikiziridwanso. Mwachitsanzo, m'zinthu zakunja kapena m'malo achinyezi, magwiridwe antchito osalowa madzi komanso kuyeretsa kosavuta kwamatumba achikopa opangira amawapanga kukhala abwino. Ukadaulo wamankhwala amtundu wa matumbawa umawalola kukhala ndi kusintha kwamitundu yambiri ndi mawonekedwe, kukwaniritsa zofuna za aesthetics. Ngakhale makwinya ndi kuvala zimatha kuchitika pakatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, kulimba kwa matumba achikopa opangira kumakhalabe kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi zikopa zenizeni. pa
Mwachidule, ngakhale kuti chikopa chopangidwa sichingakhale chopumira komanso chomveka ngati chikopa chenicheni, mtengo wake wotsika, kukonza kosavuta, kuvala kukana ndi makhalidwe osasunthika kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zothandiza kwambiri, makamaka kwa ogula omwe akufunafuna chikwama chotsika mtengo komanso chokhazikika. Matumba opangira zikopa ndi chisankho chabwino. -
Glossy Embossed Alligator Pattern Faux PU Chikopa Chachikopa cha Nsapato Zovala zilizonse, Mipando, Zikwama Zamanja, Zokongoletsera Zaupholstery
Crocodile leatherette ndi chikopa cha chikopa chomwe chimatsanzira maonekedwe ndi maonekedwe a chikopa cha ng'ona pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapulasitiki. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi njira zotsatirazi:
Kupanga nsalu zoyambira: Choyamba, nsalu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nsalu yoyambira, yomwe imatha kukhala thonje, poliyesitala kapena ulusi wina wopangidwa. Nsalu zimenezi zimalukidwa kapena kuwomba kuti apange nsalu yoyambira.
Kuphimba pamwamba: Utomoni wopangidwa ndi zinthu zina zapulasitiki zimayikidwa pamwamba pa nsalu yoyambira. Kuphimba kumeneku kungathe kutengera maonekedwe ndi maonekedwe a chikopa cha ng'ona. Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu zokutira ndikofunikira pakuwoneka bwino komanso mtundu wa chinthu chomaliza.
Kapangidwe kakapangidwe kake: Kapangidwe kofanana ndi chikopa cha ng'ona amapangidwa pa zokutira kudzera munjira zinazake monga embossing kapena kusindikiza. Izi zitha kutheka kudzera kupondaponda nkhungu, kukanikiza kutentha kapena njira zina zowonetsetsa kuti mawonekedwe ake ndi enieni komanso osasinthasintha.
Chithandizo chamtundu ndi gloss: Pofuna kukulitsa mawonekedwe a chinthucho, chithandizo chamtundu ndi gloss chikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kuti chikopa cha ng'ona chiwonekere mwachilengedwe komanso chowona.
Kumaliza kukonza zinthu: Pomaliza, chinthu chomalizidwacho chimakonzedwa ndikumalizidwa ngati kuli kofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti chikukwaniritsa zofunikira za chinthu chomaliza. Kupyolera mu masitepe omwe ali pamwambawa, chikopa chochita kupanga chokhala ndi maonekedwe ndikumverera pafupi kwambiri ndi chikopa chenicheni cha ng'ona chikhoza kupangidwa, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zovala, katundu, katundu wa mpira ndi mafakitale ena. Chikopa chochita kupanga choterechi chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu, magwiridwe antchito abwino osalowa madzi, komanso mtengo wotsika, womwe umakwaniritsa zofuna za anthu pazogulitsa zikopa. -
Zovala Zapamwamba Zovala za Alligator Synthetic PU Leather Crocodile Skin Material for Travel Bag Sofa Upholstery
Chikopa chopangidwa ndi ng'ona chopangidwa ndi PU chimagwira ntchito mu nsapato, zikwama, zovala, malamba, magolovesi, zida zapakhomo, mipando, zokokera, zinthu zamasewera, ndi zina zambiri. mawonekedwe, ndi zina, pogwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza pamwamba pa chikopa cha PU, motero chimapangitsa chikopacho kukhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera. Nkhaniyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito zake zabwino komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka, chikopa cha ng'ona chopangidwa ndi PU chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu izi: Nsapato : Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nsapato zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga nsapato wamba, nsapato zamasewera, ndi zina zotero, kuonjezera kukongola ndi chitonthozo cha nsapato. Matumba : amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zikwama za masitayelo osiyanasiyana, monga zikwama zam'manja, zikwama zam'mbuyo, ndi zina zambiri, kupititsa patsogolo luso la fashoni komanso kuchita bwino kwa matumba. Zovala : Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zopangira zovala, monga zipewa, masiketi, ndi zina zotere, kuti ziwonjezere mawonekedwe komanso kuchuluka kwa zovala. Pakhomo ndi mipando: amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokongoletsera zapakhomo ndi mipando, monga zophimba za sofa, makatani, ndi zina zotero, kuonjezera kukongola ndi chitonthozo cha zipangizo zapakhomo. Katundu Wamasewera: Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamasewera, monga mipira, zida zamasewera, ndi zina zambiri, kukulitsa kukongola ndi magwiridwe antchito amasewera.
Kuphatikiza apo, chikopa cha PU chojambulidwa chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri popanga zida monga malamba ndi magolovesi, komanso kukongoletsa kwa zida zosiyanasiyana, kuwonetsa minda yake yayikulu komanso kufunikira kwa msika. Chifukwa chaubwino wake, chikopa chabwino cha PU chimatha kukhala chokwera mtengo kuposa chikopa chenicheni, chokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino komanso gloss pamwamba. -
Rainbow Crocodile PU Fabric Embossed Pattern Synthetic Leather Upholstery Fabric Animal Texture
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa nsalu ya ng'ona ya utawaleza kumaphatikizapo koma sikumangokhalira matumba, zovala, nsapato, kukongoletsa galimoto ndi kukongoletsa mipando. pa
Nsalu ya ng'ona ya utawaleza, monga nsalu yokhala ndi maonekedwe ndi mtundu wapadera, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madera ambiri chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake apadera komanso ntchito zabwino kwambiri. Choyamba, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso mtundu wake, nsalu ya ng'ona ya utawaleza ndi yoyenera kwambiri kupanga matumba, omwe amatha kuwonjezera mafashoni ndi zinthu zaumwini m'matumba. Kachiwiri, chifukwa cha chitonthozo chake ndi kulimba kwake, ndizoyeneranso kupanga zovala, zomwe zingapereke mwayi wovala bwino pamene zikuwonetsa mawonekedwe apadera a mafashoni. Kuonjezera apo, nsalu ya ng'ona ya utawaleza imakhalanso yoyenera kupanga nsapato, zomwe zingapangitse kukongola ndi chitonthozo ku nsapato. Pankhani yokongoletsera galimoto, nsaluyi ikhoza kupereka zinthu zapadera zopangira zokongoletsera mkati mwa galimotoyo, kuwonjezera umunthu ndi kukongola kwa galimotoyo. Potsirizira pake, pankhani yokongoletsera mipando, nsalu ya ng'ona ya utawaleza ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zophimba za mipando monga sofa ndi mipando, kuwonjezera mtundu ndi nyonga panyumba.
Kawirikawiri, nsalu ya ng'ona ya utawaleza imakhala ndi ntchito zambiri m'madera ambiri chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake apadera komanso ntchito zabwino kwambiri, kuwonjezera mafashoni, umunthu ndi kukongola kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, komanso kupereka chitonthozo ndi kupirira.
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Vintage Flower Textured Embossed Retro Faux Chikopa Chachikopa cha Nsapato Zovala, Mipando, Zikwama Zamanja, Zokongoletsera za Upholstery
Zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito zikopa zopanga zokhala ndi mpumulo wa maluwa makamaka zimaphatikizapo zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachikopa monga sofa wachikopa, mipando yachikopa, magolovesi achikopa, nsapato zachikopa, zikwama, katundu, zikwama, ndi zina zotero. Chikopa Chopanga chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthuzi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, magwiridwe antchito abwino osalowa madzi, m'mphepete mwaukhondo, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri komanso mtengo wotchipa poyerekeza ndi zikopa zenizeni. Ngakhale kuti chikopa chochita kupanga sichimveka bwino komanso chotanuka, kamangidwe kake kosiyanasiyana komanso kutsika mtengo kameneka kamapangitsa kuti chizigwiritsidwa ntchito pa zinthu zambiri za tsiku ndi tsiku. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito sofa zachikopa ndi mipando yachikopa kungapangitse nyumba ndi maofesi kukhala omasuka komanso apamwamba; magolovesi achikopa ndi nsapato zachikopa zimapereka chitetezo ndikuwonjezera malingaliro a mafashoni; zikwama zachikwama ndi katundu zimatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo komanso kapangidwe kake kosiyanasiyana.
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Denim Texture Faux Leather Plain Synthetic Pu Chikopa Chopanga Zamisiri Zopangira Upholstery Nsalu Zachikwama Kupanga Matumba
Chikopa chopanga cha denim chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazovala zamafashoni, zokongoletsera kunyumba ndi nsapato zamafashoni. Chikopa chopanga cha denim, makamaka PU chikopa cha denim, chimaphatikiza mawonekedwe apamwamba a denim ndi mawonekedwe olimba achikopa chopangira, kupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe apadera. Izi sizimangotsimikizira kukhazikika, komanso zimapereka mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri, ofanana ndi chikopa chenicheni komanso kukhudza kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okonda zachilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito zikopa za nyama kumapewa, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, chikopa chopanga cha denim ndi chosavuta kuyeretsa ndi kukonza, ndipo ukadaulo wakuphimba umapangitsa kuti zisalowe madzi komanso kusavala, motero ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera chamfashoni, chokongoletsera kunyumba kapena nsapato zamafashoni, zomwe zingawonetse nkhawa za wogwiritsa ntchito. kuteteza chilengedwe ndi mafashoni. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa chikopa chochita kupanga ndi chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu, ntchito yabwino yosalowa madzi, komanso mtengo wake wotsika. Izi zimatsanzira zikopa za nyama ndipo zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zapulasitiki kutengera zinthu zomwe zimafanana kwambiri ndi zikopa zanyama pamawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe. Chikopa chochita kupanga chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mafakitale monga zovala, katundu, ndi zopangira mpira chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake amitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuchita bwino kosalowa madzi, ndi mtengo wotsika. Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi zamakono, luso lachikopa lochita kupanga lapita patsogolo kwambiri. Kufanana kwake ndi chikopa chenicheni kukukulirakulira. M'mbali zina, yadutsa ngakhale chikopa chenicheni ndipo yakhala yotchuka kwambiri pamakampani opanga mafashoni.
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PU Faux Chikopa Chophimba Chovala Chopangidwa ndi Polyurethane Synthetic Upholstery Chikopa Cha Sofa
Polyurethane Synthetic Leather ndi yamtundu wa polyurethane elastomer. Zimakhala zofewa, zonyezimira zachirengedwe, kukhudza kofewa, komanso kumverera kwamphamvu kwachikopa. Ili ndi zida zabwino zamakina monga kumamatira kwambiri ku gawo lapansi, kukana kuvala, kukana kusinthasintha, komanso kukana kukalamba. Ilinso ndi ubwino wa kukana kuzizira bwino, kupuma, kusungunuka, kukonza kosavuta, ndi mtengo wotsika. Ndilo loyenera kwambiri m'malo mwa zikopa zachilengedwe.
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Premium Polyurethane Leather Pu Leather Film Adhesive Surface Oxford Fabric Nonslip Car Seat Synthetic Leather
Chikopa cha silicone ndi mtundu watsopano wazinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi minda yambiri. Zomwe zili zazikulu ndi ubwino wake ndi monga kutentha kwa moto, kukana kwa nyengo, kutsutsa-kuipitsidwa ndi chisamaliro chosavuta, khungu lokonda khungu komanso lopanda allergenic, mildew-proof ndi antibacterial, kuvala ndi kukhalitsa, otetezeka komanso opanda poizoni, ndi zina zotero. Zikopa za silicone zimagwira bwino ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka, udindo ndi ntchito ya silikoni chikopa monga:
Kukongoletsa kwa mipando: Chikopa cha silikoni chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma sofa apamwamba, mipando yamagalimoto, matiresi ndi zinthu zina zapanyumba chifukwa cha kufewa kwake, kutonthoza, kulimba komanso kukongola kwake, kuwongolera komanso kutonthoza kwazinthuzo.
Makampani opanga nsapato ndi katundu : Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osavala komanso osayamba kukanda, chikopa cha silikoni chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga nsapato ndi katundu kuti akwaniritse zofuna za ogula moyo wapamwamba.
Makampani oyendetsa: Chikopa cha silikoni chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zapampando zamagalimoto, mkati mwa ndege, mipando ya njanji yothamanga kwambiri ndi zinthu zina. Makhalidwe ake osawotcha komanso osakonda chilengedwe amapereka chitetezo ku moyo wa anthu okwera.
Makampani opanga zinthu zakunja: Chifukwa cha kukana kwake kwa UV komanso kukana kwa nyengo, chikopa cha silikoni chimakondedwanso pamakampani opanga zinthu zakunja, monga ma parasol, mipando yakunja, mahema ndi zinthu zina.
Minda yazachipatala ndi yathanzi: Mndandanda wa antibacterial ndi mildew-proof wa zikopa za silikoni ndizoyenera kupangira mankhwala, thanzi ndi kukonza chakudya ndi magawo ena, kupereka chitetezo champhamvu paumoyo wa anthu.
Minda ina: Zimaphatikizanso zamkati mwakhoma, mipando yotetezera ana, zinthu zamagetsi ndi malo ena oyendera anthu onse ndi zida zakunja.
Kuphatikiza apo, chikopa cha silikoni chimakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe a kutentha kwambiri, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kwa UV komanso kupuma kwabwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizindikirike ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa. -
Upholstery leatherette pu patent chikopa cha mpando wamagalimoto
Zinthu zoyezera chivundikiro cha mpando wagalimoto:
Kugwira ntchito kwamagetsi, magwiridwe antchito amakina, magwiridwe antchito amafuta, magwiridwe antchito amthupi ndi mankhwala, kuyaka, kuyesa kudalirika, kuyeza kwa dimension, kusanthula kwazinthu, kusanthula kwazitsulo, kuyesa kosawononga, kusanthula kwa zokutira, kuyesa kukwera kwa kutentha, kuyesa kwachitetezo, kuyesa kugwedezeka, kupopera mchere wamchere. kuyesa, kuyesa kwa ROHS, ndi zina.